8 Mass. Ave. N.E.
1897.

[Illustration: Plate E.
THE NORRIS PETERS CO., PHOTO-LITHO., WASHINGTON, D. C.]

PLATE E.

Plate E illustrates various forms and positions of the annulus or ring
characteristic of certain species of mushrooms, together with the
cortina or veil of which the ring, if present, is the remnant, in some
species, either as it appears entire or as a fringe on the margin of the
cap, contrasting these forms with a sectional view of a species in which
the veil or ring is always wanting.

Fig. 1. Ring broad, reflexed or deflexed, or both; situated high up on
the stem, as in _Armillaria mellea_.

Fig. 2. Ring situated about midway of the stem, deflexed and pendulous
as in _Amanita muscaria_.

Fig. 3. Ring about half midway of the stem, split, and radiating
outwards, as in _Agaricus arvensis_.

Fig. 4. Ring drooping.

Fig. 5. Ring persistent, movable, wholly detached, in age, from the tall
and slender stem, upon which it easily slips up and down. A species of
great beauty, _Lepiota procera_.

Fig. 6. Ring narrow, scarcely perceptible above the middle of the stem;
remnants of the veil adhering to the margin of the cap as a fugacious
web.

Fig. 7. Ring generally wanting--_Tricholoma nudum_. Remnants of the veil
seen on the margin of the cap.

Fig. 8. Remnants of the veil appearing on the margin of the cap as a
fringe, and particularly on the stem as a mere fibrillose zone of a
darker color as in the _Cortinarii_.

Fig. 9. Plant exhibiting the cortina unbroken, the extremities of its
delicate arachnoid threads attached to cap and stem, respectively.

Fig. 10. Section of a Russula, in which genus the ring is always
wanting; veil none.

[Illustration: Plate F.
THE NORRIS PETERS CO., PHOTO-LITHO., WASHINGTON, D. C.]

PLATE F.

Plate F illustrates by section or otherwise various forms of these
gill-like processes characteristic of species, considered either with
regard to marginal outline or position of their posterior extremity:

Fig. 1. Gills distant.
Fig. 2. Gills crowded.
Fig. 3. Gills flexuose.
Fig. 4. Gills unequal.
Fig. 5. Bifurcated.
Fig. 6. Anastomosing veins.
Fig. 6a. Sectional view.
Fig. 7. Gills narrow.
Fig. 8. Gills broad.
Fig. 9. Lanceolate.
Fig. 10. Ventricose.
Fig. 11. Anteriorly rounded.
Fig. 12. Posteriorly rounded.
Fig. 13. Emarginate.
Fig. 14. Emarginate and denti