ports in 1907 were as
follows:--

Steamers. Sailing Vessels.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
Arrivals 518 937,302 924 174,165
Clearances 517 937,706 931 163,365

The exports from Callao are guano, sugar, cotton, wool, hides, silver,
copper, gold and forest products, and the imports include timber and
other building materials, cotton and other textiles, general merchandise
for personal, household and industrial uses, railway material, coal,
kerosene, wheat, flour and other food stuffs. The maintenance of peace
and order, and the mining development of the interior, have added to the
trade and prosperity of the port.

The history of Callao has been exceptionally eventful. It was founded in
1537, two years after Pizarro had founded Lima. As the port of that
capital and the only open port below Panama it grew rapidly in
importance and wealth. It was raised to the dignity of a city in 1671.
The appearance of Sir Francis Drake in the bay in 1578 led to the
fortification of the port, which proved strong enough to repel an attack
by the Dutch in 1624. The city was completely destroyed and partly
submerged by the great earthquake of the 28th of October 1746, in which
about 6000 persons perished. The new city was strongly fortified and
figured prominently in the struggle for independence, and also in the
various revolutions which have convulsed the republic. Its political
autonomy dates from 1836, when it was made a coast department. The
Callao fortifications were bombarded by a Spanish fleet under Admiral
Mendez Nunez on the 2nd of May 1866, when there were heavy losses both
in lives and material. Again, in 1880, the city was bombarded by the
Chileans, though it was almost defenceless, and fell into the possession
of the invaders after the capture of Lima in the following year. Before
the surrender all the Peruvian naval vessels in the harbour were sunk,
to prevent their falling into the possession of the enemy.

CALLCOTT, SIR AUGUSTUS WALL (1779-1844), English landscape painter, was
born at Kensington in 1779 and died there in 1844. His first study was
music; and he sang for several years in the choir of Westminster Abbey.
But at the age of twenty he had determined to give up music, and had
exhibited his first painting at the Royal Academy. He gradually rose to
distinction, and was elected an associate in 1807 and an academician in
1810