it except
those which belong to citizenship. (Connor _et al._ _vs._ Elliott
_et al._, 18 Howard, 593). In Corfield _vs._ Coryell, 4
Washington Circuit Court Reports, 380, the Court say:

The inquiry is, what are the privileges and immunities of
citizens in the several States? We feel no hesitation in
confining these expressions to those privileges and
immunities which are in their nature fundamental; which
belong of right to the citizens of all free governments; and
which have at all times been enjoyed by the citizens of the
several States which compose this Union, from the time of
their becoming free, independent, and sovereign. What these
fundamental principles are would, perhaps, be more tedious
than difficult to enumerate. They may, however, be all
comprehended under the following general heads: Protection
by the Government; the enjoyment of life and liberty, with
the right to acquire and possess property of every kind, and
to pursue and obtain happiness and safety, subject,
nevertheless, to such restraints as the Government may
justly prescribe for the general good of the whole; the
right of a citizen of one State to pass through or to reside
in any other State, for the purpose of trade, agriculture,
professional pursuits, or otherwise; to claim the benefit of
the writ of _habeas corpus_; to institute and maintain
actions of any kind in the courts of the State; to take,
hold, and dispose of property, either real or personal; and
an exemption from higher taxes or impositions than are paid
by the other citizens of the State, may be mentioned as some
of the particular privileges and immunities of citizens
which are clearly embraced by the general description of
privileges deemed to be fundamental; to which may be added
the elective franchise, as regulated and established by the
laws or Constitution of the State in which it is to be
exercised.... But we can not accede to the proposition which
was insisted on by the counsel, that under this provision of
the Constitution, sec. 2, art. 4, the citizens of the
several States are permitted to participate in all the
rights whi