toofung)
(musket) for khudung, (arrow.) But no Persian or Arabic history speaks
of gunpowder before the time usually assigned for its invention, (A.D.
1317;) long after which, it was first applied to the purposes of war.
Briggs's Ferishta, vol. i. p. 47, note.--M.]

[Footnote 6: Kinnouge, or Canouge, (the old Palimbothra) is marked in
latitude 27 Degrees 3 Minutes, longitude 80 Degrees 13 Minutes. See
D'Anville, (Antiquite de l'Inde, p. 60-62,) corrected by the local
knowledge of Major Rennel (in his excellent Memoir on his Map of
Hindostan, p. 37-43: ) 300] jewellers, 30,000 shops for the arreca nut,
60,000 bands of musicians, &c. (Abulfed. Geograph. tab. xv. p. 274. Dow,
vol. i. p. 16,) will allow an ample deduction. * Note: Mr. Wilson (Hindu
Drama, vol. iii. p. 12) and Schlegel (Indische Bibliothek, vol. ii.
p. 394) concur in identifying Palimbothra with the Patalipara of the
Indians; the Patna of the moderns.--M.]

[Footnote 7: The idolaters of Europe, says Ferishta, (Dow, vol. i. p.
66.) Consult Abulfeda, (p. 272,) and Rennel's Map of Hindostan.]

[Footnote 711: Ferishta says, some "crores of gold." Dow says, in a note
at the bottom of the page, "ten millions," which is the explanation of
the word "crore." Mr. Gibbon says rashly that the sum offered by the
Brahmins was ten millions sterling. Note to Mill's India, vol. ii. p.
222. Col. Briggs's translation is "a quantity of gold." The treasure
found in the temple, "perhaps in the image," according to Major Price's
authorities, was twenty millions of dinars of gold, above nine millions
sterling; but this was a hundred-fold the ransom offered by the
Brahmins. Price, vol. ii. p. 290.--M.]

[Footnote 712: Rather than the idol broker, he chose to be called Mahmud
the idol breaker. Price, vol. ii. p. 289--M]

From the paths of blood (and such is the history of nations) I cannot
refuse to turn aside to gather some flowers of science or virtue.
The name of Mahmud the Gaznevide is still venerable in the East: his
subjects enjoyed the blessings of prosperity and peace; his vices
were concealed by the veil of religion; and two familiar examples will
testify his justice and magnanimity.

I. As he sat in the Divan, an unhappy subject bowed before the throne to
accuse the insolence of a Turkish soldier who had driven him from his
house and bed. "Suspend your clamors," said Mahmud; "inform me of his
next visit, and ourself in person will judge and punish the offender."
The