op of Puy, the first who had
received the cross at his hands. The foremost of the temporal chiefs was
Raymond count of Thoulouse, whose ambassadors in the council excused the
absence, and pledged the honor, of their master. After the confession
and absolution of their sins, the champions of the cross were dismissed
with a superfluous admonition to invite their countrymen and friends;
and their departure for the Holy Land was fixed to the festival of the
Assumption, the fifteenth of August, of the ensuing year. [19]

[Footnote 11: See Etat de la France, by the Count de Boulainvilliers,
tom. i. p. 180-182, and the second volume of the Observations sur
l'Histoire de France, by the Abbe de Mably.]

[Footnote 12: In the provinces to the south of the Loire, the first
Capetians were scarcely allowed a feudal supremacy. On all sides,
Normandy, Bretagne, Aquitain, Burgundy, Lorraine, and Flanders,
contracted the same and limits of the proper France. See Hadrian Vales.
Notitia Galliarum]

[Footnote 13: These counts, a younger branch of the dukes of Aquitain,
were at length despoiled of the greatest part of their country by Philip
Augustus. The bishops of Clermont gradually became princes of the city.
Melanges, tires d'une grand Bibliotheque, tom. xxxvi. p. 288, &c.]

[Footnote 14: See the Acts of the council of Clermont, Concil. tom. xii.
p. 829, &c.]

[Footnote 15: Confluxerunt ad concilium e multis regionibus, viri
potentes et honorati, innumeri quamvis cingulo laicalis militiae
superbi, (Baldric, an eye-witness, p. 86-88. Robert. Monach. p. 31, 32.
Will. Tyr. i. 14, 15, p. 639-641. Guibert, p. 478-480. Fulcher. Carnot.
p. 382.)]

[Footnote 16: The Truce of God (Treva, or Treuga Dei) was first invented
in Aquitain, A.D. 1032; blamed by some bishops as an occasion of
perjury, and rejected by the Normans as contrary to their privileges
(Ducange, Gloss Latin. tom. vi. p. 682-685.)]

[Footnote 17: Deus vult, Deus vult! was the pure acclamation of
the clergy who understood Latin, (Robert. Mon. l. i. p. 32.) By the
illiterate laity, who spoke the Provincial or Limousin idiom, it was
corrupted to Deus lo volt, or Diex el volt. See Chron. Casinense, l. iv.
c. 11, p. 497, in Muratori, Script. Rerum Ital. tom. iv., and Ducange,
(Dissertat xi. p. 207, sur Joinville, and Gloss. Latin. tom. ii. p.
690,) who, in his preface, produces a very difficult specimen of the
dialect of Rovergue, A.D. 1100, very near, both in time and place, t