o
the council of Clermont, (p. 15, 16.)]

[Footnote 18: Most commonly on their shoulders, in gold, or silk, or
cloth sewed on their garments. In the first crusade, all were red, in
the third, the French alone preserved that color, while green crosses
were adopted by the Flemings, and white by the English, (Ducange, tom.
ii. p. 651.) Yet in England, the red ever appears the favorite, and as
if were, the national, color of our military ensigns and uniforms.]

[Footnote 19: Bongarsius, who has published the original writers of the
crusades, adopts, with much complacency, the fanatic title of Guibertus,
Gesta Dei per Francos; though some critics propose to read Gesta Diaboli
per Francos, (Hanoviae, 1611, two vols. in folio.) I shall briefly
enumerate, as they stand in this collection, the authors whom I have
used for the first crusade.

I. Gesta Francorum.

II. Robertus Monachus.

III. Baldricus.

IV. Raimundus de Agiles.

V. Albertus Aquensis VI. Fulcherius Carnotensis.

VII. Guibertus.

VIII. Willielmus Tyriensis. Muratori has given us,

IX. Radulphus Cadomensis de Gestis Tancredi,

(Script. Rer. Ital. tom. v. p. 285-333,)

X. Bernardus Thesaurarius de Acquisitione Terrae Sanctae,

(tom. vii. p. 664-848.)

The last of these was unknown to a late French historian, who has given
a large and critical list of the writers of the crusades, (Esprit des
Croisades, tom. i. p. 13-141,) and most of whose judgments my own
experience will allow me to ratify. It was late before I could obtain a
sight of the French historians collected by Duchesne. I. Petri Tudebodi
Sacerdotis Sivracensis Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere, (tom. iv.
p. 773-815,) has been transfused into the first anonymous writer of
Bongarsius. II. The Metrical History of the first Crusade, in vii.
books, (p. 890-912,) is of small value or account. * Note: Several
new documents, particularly from the East, have been collected by
the industry of the modern historians of the crusades, M. Michaud and
Wilken.--M.]

So familiar, and as it were so natural to man, is the practice of
violence, that our indulgence allows the slightest provocation, the most
disputable right, as a sufficient ground of national hostility. But the
name and nature of a holy war demands a more rigorous scrutiny; nor
can we hastily believe, that the servants of the Prince of Peace would
unsheathe the sword