Croatia, and Dalmatia, and governed, by his vicars, the
filial congregations of Italy and France. [26] From that aera, a minute
scrutiny might prolong and perpetuate the chain of tradition. At the end
of the last age, the sect or colony still inhabited the valleys of Mount
Haemus, where their ignorance and poverty were more frequently
tormented by the Greek clergy than by the Turkish government. The modern
Paulicians have lost all memory of their origin; and their religion
is disgraced by the worship of the cross, and the practice of bloody
sacrifice, which some captives have imported from the wilds of Tartary.
[27]

[Footnote 21: Copronymus transported his heretics; and thus says
Cedrenus, (p. 463,) who has copied the annals of Theophanes.]

[Footnote 22: Petrus Siculus, who resided nine months at Tephrice
(A.D. 870) for the ransom of captives, (p. 764,) was informed of
their intended mission, and addressed his preservative, the Historia
Manichaeorum to the new archbishop of the Bulgarians, (p. 754.)]

[Footnote 23: The colony of Paulicians and Jacobites transplanted by
John Zimisces (A.D. 970) from Armenia to Thrace, is mentioned by Zonaras
(tom. ii. l. xvii. p. 209) and Anna Comnena, (Alexiad, l. xiv. p. 450,
&c.)]

[Footnote 24: The Alexiad of Anna Comnena (l. v. p. 131, l. vi. p. 154,
155, l. xiv. p. 450-457, with the Annotations of Ducange) records
the transactions of her apostolic father with the Manichaeans, whose
abominable heresy she was desirous of refuting.]

[Footnote 25: Basil, a monk, and the author of the Bogomiles, a sect of
Gnostics, who soon vanished, (Anna Comnena, Alexiad, l. xv. p. 486-494
Mosheim, Hist. Ecclesiastica, p. 420.)]

[Footnote 26: Matt. Paris, Hist. Major, p. 267. This passage of
our English historian is alleged by Ducange in an excellent note on
Villehardouin (No. 208,) who found the Paulicians at Philippopolis the
friends of the Bulgarians.]

[Footnote 27: See Marsigli, Stato Militare dell' Imperio Ottomano, p.
24.]

In the West, the first teachers of the Manichaean theology had been
repulsed by the people, or suppressed by the prince. The favor and
success of the Paulicians in the eleventh and twelfth centuries must be
imputed to the strong, though secret, discontent which armed the most
pious Christians against the church of Rome. Her avarice was oppressive,
her despotism odious; less degenerate perhaps than the Greeks in the
worship of saints and images, her innovations