mmodities, particularly oil, natural gas,
metals, and timber, which account for over 80% of exports, leaving
the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's
agricultural sector remains beset by uncertainty over land ownership
rights, which has discouraged needed investment and restructuring.
Another threat is negative demographic trends, fueled by low birth
rates and a deteriorating health situation - including an alarming
rise in AIDS cases - that have contributed to a nearly 2% drop in
the population since 1992. Russia's industrial base is increasingly
dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to
achieve sustainable economic growth. Other problems include
widespread corruption, capital flight, and brain drain.

GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.12 trillion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: 6.3% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $7,700 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 7%

industry: 34%

services: 59% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line: 40% (1999 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%:
1.7%

highest 10%: 38.7% (1998)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20.6% (2000 est.)

Labor force: 66 million (1997)

Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 15%, industry 30%, services
55% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate: 10.5% (2000 est.), plus considerable
underemployment

Budget: revenues: $40 billion

expenditures: $33.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(2000 est.)

Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries
producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of
machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and
space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation
equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery,
tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and
transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer
durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Industrial production growth rate: 8.8% (2000 est.)

Electricity - production: 798.065 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 66.31%

hydro: 19.79%

nuclear: 13.9%

other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption: 728.2 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports: 20 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports: 6 billion kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, sunflowe