i, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo,
Tomakomai

Merchant marine: total: 630 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
11,691,174 GRT/15,484,848 DWT

ships by type: bulk 137, cargo 51, chemical tanker 15, combination
bulk 22, combination ore/oil 3, container 22, liquefied gas 49,
passenger 9, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 194, refrigerated
cargo 15, roll on/roll off 49, short-sea passenger 6, vehicle
carrier 56 (2000 est.)

Airports: 173 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 142

over 3,047 m: 8

2,438 to 3,047 m: 36

1,524 to 2,437 m: 38

914 to 1,523 m: 30

under 914 m: 30 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 31

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 27 (2000 est.)

Heliports: 16 (2000 est.)

Japan Military

Military branches: Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Army), Japan
Maritime Self-Defense Force (Navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force
(Air Force)

Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age

Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 29,926,614 (2001
est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49:
25,876,484 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 765,817
(2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $43 billion (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.96% (FY01)

Japan Transnational Issues

Disputes - international: islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and
Shikotan, and the Habomai group occupied by the Soviet Union in
1945, now administered by Russia, claimed by Japan; Liancourt Rocks
(Takeshima/Tokdo) disputed with South Korea; Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku
Islands) claimed by China and Taiwan

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@Jarvis Island

Jarvis Island Introduction

Background: First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited
island was annexed by the US in 1858, but abandoned in 1879 after
tons of guano had been removed. The UK annexed the island in 1889,
but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US
occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. Abandoned after World War
II, the island is currently a National Wildlife Refuge administered
by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near
the middle of the west coast.

Jarvis Island Geography

Location: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half
of the way from Hawaii to the Cook Islands

Geographic co