ources: guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890,
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Land use: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1998)

Natural hazards: NA

Environment - current issues: no natural fresh water resources

Geography - note: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean;
Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been
expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island
(Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; egg-shaped
reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; former US
nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent
Disposal System (JACADS); some low-growing vegetation

Johnston Atoll People

Population: no indigenous inhabitants

note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military
and civilian contractor personnel present; as of 1 October 2000,
population decreased to approximately 970 when US Army Chemical
Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed (January 2001 est.)

Population growth rate: -5.94% (2001 est.)

Johnston Atoll Government

Country name: conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Johnston Atoll

Dependency status: unincorporated territory of the US; administered
from Washington, DC, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam AFB, and the Fish
and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of
the National Wildlife Refuge system

Legal system: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Flag description: the flag of the US is used

Johnston Atoll Economy

Economy - overview: Economic activity is limited to providing
services to US military personnel and contractors located on the
island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.

Electricity - production: approximately 1,000,000 kWh weekly; note -
there are six 25,000 kWh generators supplied by the base operating
support contractor (1999)

Electricity - consumption: NA kWh

Johnston Atoll Communications

Telephone system: general assessment: 13 outgoing and 10 incoming
commercial lines; adequate telecommunications

domestic: 60-channel submarine cable, 22 DSN circuits by satellite,
Autodin with standard remote terminal, digital telephone switch,
Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS station), UHF/VHF air-ground
radio, a link to the Pacific Consolidated Teleco