pulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982
making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: chief of state: President Daniel Toroitich arap
MOI (since 14 October 1978); note - the president is both the chief
of state and head of government

head of government: President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14
October 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote from among the members
of the National Assembly for a five-year term; in addition to
receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the
presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at
least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a
runoff; election last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by
early 2003); vice president appointed by the president

election results: President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI reelected;
percent of vote - Daniel T. arap MOI (KANU) 40.6%, Mwai KIBAKI (DP)
31.5%, Raila ODINGA (NDP) 11.1%, Michael WAMALWA (FORD-K) 8.4%,
Charity NGILU (SDP) 7.8%

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (222
seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms,
12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president,
but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary
vote totals)

elections: last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early
2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
KANU 107, FORD-A 1, FORD-K 17, FORD-People 3, DP 39, NDP 21, SDP 15,
SAFINA 5, smaller parties 2; seats appointed by the president - KANU
6, FORD-K 1, DP 2, SDP 1, NDP 1, SAFINA 1

Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the
president); High Court

Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of Kenya or DP [Mwai
KIBAKI]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Asili or FORD-A
[Martin SHIKUKU, secretary general]; Forum for the Restoration of
Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Michael Kijana WAMALWA]; Forum for the
Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE,
chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [President Daniel
Toroitich arap MOI] - the governing party; National Development
Party or NDP [Raila ODINGA, president]; SAFINA [Farah MAALIM,
chairman]; Social Democra