ion of the soul and lord of the
emotions, and the Platonic view of Justice as the intimate spirit of
order alike in the individual and the state, expressing itself in, and
harmoniously binding together, the virtues of Temperance, Courage, and
Wisdom.

{199}

CHAPTER XII

THE REALM OF DUTY

We have now to see how the virtues issue in their corresponding duties
and cover the whole field of life.

Virtues and duties cannot be strictly distinguished. As Paulsen
remarks, 'They are but different modes of presenting the same
subject-matter.'[1] Virtues are permanent traits of character; duties
are particular acts which seek to realise virtues.

The word 'duty,' borrowed from Stoic philosophy, inadequately
describes, both on the side of its obligation and its joy, the service
which the Christian is pledged to offer to Christ. For the Christian
the two moments of pleasure and duty are united in the higher synthesis
of love.

In this chapter we shall consider, first, some aspects of Christian
obligation; and, second, the particular duties which arise therefrom in
relation to the self, others, and God.

I

ASPECTS OF DUTY

1. _Duty and Vocation_.--'While duty stands for a universal element
there is a personal element in moral requirement which may be called
vocation.'[2] As soon as the youth enters upon the larger world he has
to make choice of a profession or life-work. Different principles may
guide him in his selection. First of all, the circumstances {200} of
life will help to decide the individual's career. Our calling and
duties arise immediately out of our station. Already by parental
influence and the action of home-environment character is being shaped,
and tastes and purposes are created which will largely determine the
future. Next to condition and station, individual capacity and
disposition ought to be taken into account. No good work can be
accomplished in uncongenial employment. A man must have not only
fitness for his task, but also a love for it. Proper ambition may also
be a determining factor. We have a right to make the most of
ourselves, and to strive for that position in which our gifts shall
have fullest scope. But the ultimate decision must be made in the
light of conscience. Self-interest should not be our sole motive in
the choice of a vocation. It is not enough to ask what is most
attractive, what line of life will ensure the greatest material gain or
worldly hono