s a most valuable record of the
laws, customs, and manners of the ancient Scandinavians. Samuel Laing
published his English translation of it in 1844.

1. _The Icelandic Sagas._ Besides the two Icelandic sagas collected by
Saemund Sigfusson, numerous others were subsequently embodied in the
_Landama Bok_, set on foot by Ari hinn Frond[^e], and continued by various
hands.

2. _Frithjof's Saga_ contains the life and and[TN-144] adventures of
Frithjof, of Iceland, who fell in love with Ingeborg, the beautiful wife
of Hring, king of Norway. On the death of Hring, the young widow marries
her Icelandic lover. Frithjof lived in the eighth century, and this saga
was compiled at the beginning of the fourteenth century, a year or two
after the _Heimskringla_. It is very interesting, because Tegn['e]r,
the Swedish poet, has selected it for his _Idylls_ (1825), just as
Tennyson has taken his idyllic stories from the _Morte d'Arthur_ or the
Welsh _Mabinogion_. Tegn['e]r's _Idylls_ were translated into English by
Latham (1838), by Stephens (1841), and by Blackley (1857).

3. _The Swedish Saga_, or lay of Swedish "history," is the _Ingvars
Saga_.

4. _The Russian Saga_, or lay of Russian legendary history, is the
_Egmunds Saga_.

5. _The Folks-Sagas_ are stories of romance. From this ancient
collection we have derived our nursery tales of _Jack and the
Bean-Stalk_, _Jack the Giant-Killer_, the _Giant who smelt the Blood of
an Englishman_, _Blue Beard_, _Cinderella_, the _Little Old Woman cut
Shorter_, the _Pig that wouldn't go over the Bridge_, _Puss in Boots_,
and even the first sketches of _Whittington and His Cat_, and _Baron
Munchausen_. (See Dasent, _Tales from the Norse_, 1859.)

6. _Sagas of Foreign origin._ Besides the rich stores of original tales,
several foreign ones have been imported and translated into Norse, such
as _Barlaham and Josaphat_, by Rudolph of Ems, one of the German
minnesingers. On the other hand, the minnesingers borrowed from the
Norse sagas their famous story embodied in the _Nibelungen Lied_, called
the "German _Iliad_," which is from the second part of Snorro
Sturleson's _Edda_.

=Sagaman=, a narrator of sagas. These ancient chroniclers differed from
scalds in several respects. Scalds were minstrels, who celebrated in
verse the exploits of living kings or national heroes; sagamen were
tellers of legendary stories, either in prose or verse, like
Scheheraz[=a]d[^e], the narrator of the _Arabian