d upon his first crusade, he was twice saved from death by the
valor of a small band of Scotch auxiliaries under the commands of the
earls of March and Dunbar, Walter Stuart, and Sir David Lindsay. In
gratitude thereof, it was resolved that "a standing guard of Scotchmen,
recommended by the king of Scotland, should ever more form the
body-guard of the king of France." This decree remained in force for
five centuries.--Grant, _The Scottish Cavalier_, xx.

=Scotland.= So called, according to legend, from Scota, daughter of
Pharaoh. What gives this legend especial interest is, that when Edward
I. laid claim to the country as a fief of England, he pleaded that
Brute, the British king, in the days of Eli and Samuel, had conquered
it. The Scotch, in their defence, pleaded their independence in virtue
of descent from Scota, daughter of Pharaoh. This is not fable, but sober
history.--Rymer, _Foedera_, I. ii. (1703).

=Scotland a Fief of England.= When Edward I. laid claim to Scotland as a
fief of the English crown, his great plea was that it was awarded to
Adelstan, by direct miracle, and, therefore, could never be alienated.
His advocates seriously read from _The Life and Miracles of St. John of
Beverley_, this extract: Adelstan went to drive back the Scotch, who had
crossed the border, and, on reaching the Tyne, St. John of Beverley
appeared to him, and bade him cross the river at daybreak. Adelstan
obeyed, and reduced the whole kingdom to submission. On reaching Dunbar,
in the return march, Adelstan prayed that some sign might be given, to
testify to all ages that God had delivered the kingdom into his hands.
Whereupon he was commanded to strike the basaltic rock with his sword.
This did he, and the blade sank into the rock "as if it had been
butter," cleaving it asunder for "an ell or more." As the cleft remains
to the present hour, in testimony of this miracle, why, of course, _cela
va sans dire_.--Rymer, _Foedera_, I. ii. 771 (1703).

=Scotland's Scourge=, Edward I. His son, Edward II., buried him in
Westminster Abbey, where his tomb is still to be seen, with the
following inscription:--

Edwardus Longus, Scotorum Malleus, hic est.
(Our Longshanks, "Scotland's Scourge," lies here).

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvii. (1613).

So Longshanks, Scotland's Scourge, the land laid waste.

Ditto, xxix. (1622).

=Scots= (_scuite_, "a wanderer, a rover"), the inhabitants of the western
coast of Scotla