able waters.
These matters, according also to I. 8: 10, 11, are under the jurisdiction
of the United States, and therefore this provision is simply a consequence
of the two referred to.

[6] Because then the interests of the whole country are at stake, and
should not be left to any state.

[7] Because the United States was organized to "insure domestic
tranquility."

[8] This provision has been modified by the eleventh amendment, which
reads as follows: "The judicial power of the United States shall not be
construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted
against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by
citizens or subjects of any foreign state." That is, if the state is the
_plaintiff_, the suit may be tried by the United States Supreme Court
(compare clause 2). Claims of individuals against a state, if denied by
the auditor, may be referred by them to the legislature. A state cannot be
sued by an individual or corporation.

When a citizen is sued he must be sued either in the courts of the United
States or in those of his own state. It would be a source of irritation to
compel a state to sue a citizen of another state in the courts of his own
state, hence this provision that such suits shall be in the United States
court.

[9] To remove temptation to injustice through local prejudice. But the
suit is tried in, and in accordance with the laws of, the state of which
the defendant is a citizen.

[10] Because the states are involved in the suit, and it would be unfair
to let either decide the controversy.

This provision is not of much importance now, because state boundaries are
clearly defined. But when the constitution was framed, this kind of
question meant a good deal. The charters given during colonial times were
very loosely drawn, and claims of different colonies and proprietors
overlapped each other. The question of ownership had not been settled at
the time of the revolution. During the formative or confederation period,
these disputes had been a source of much ill-feeling.

[11] Because the general government, and not the individual states, has
charge of our foreign relations. A foreign country holds the United States
responsible for the acts of its citizens; and only the United States can
be looked to, to secure justice to its citizens on the part of foreign
countries or citizens.

_Clause 2.--Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court._

_In all cases affecting