man in his vocation and
ministry". The other five are not necessarily essential for all. They
have not all "the like nature of Sacraments of the Gospel," in that
they were not all "ordained by Christ Himself". It is the nature of
the two Sacraments of the Gospel that we now consider.

(II) THE NATURE OF THE SACRAMENTS.

"What meanest thou by this word, Sacrament?" The Catechism, confining
its answer to the two greater Sacraments, replies: "I mean an outward
and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace..."[5]

{61}

Putting this into more modern language, we might say that a Sacrament
is a supernatural conjunction of spirit and matter.[6] It is not
matter only; it is not spirit only; it is not matter opposed to spirit,
but spirit of which matter is the expression, and "the ultimate
reality". Thus, for a perfect Sacrament, there must be both "the
outward and visible" (matter), and "the inward and spiritual" (spirit).
It is the conjunction of the two which makes the Sacrament. Thus, a
Sacrament is not wholly under the conditions of material laws, nor is
it wholly under the conditions of spiritual laws; it is under the
conditions of what (for lack of any other name) we call _Sacramental_
laws. As yet, we know comparatively little of either material or
spiritual laws, and we cannot be surprised that we know still less of
Sacramental laws. We are in the student stage, and are perpetually
revising our conclusions. {62} In all three cases, we very largely
"walk by faith".

But this at least we may say of Sacraments. Matter without spirit
cannot effect that which matter with spirit can, and does, effect. As
in the Incarnation, God[7] expresses Himself through matter[8]--so it
is in the Sacraments. In Baptism, the Holy Spirit "expresses Himself"
through water: in the Eucharist, through bread and wine. In each case,
the perfect integrity of matter and of spirit are essential to the
validity of the Sacrament. In each case, it is the conjunction of the
two which guarantees the full effect of either.[9]

(III) THE NAMES OF THE SACRAMENTS.

As given in the Prayer Book, these are seven--"Baptism, and the Supper
of the Lord," Confirmation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and Unction.

We will think now of the two first.

[1] St. Leo defines a Sacrament thus: "_Sacramentum_. (1) It
originally signified the pledge or deposit in money which in certain
suits according to Roman Law plaintiff and defend