marriage must be celebrated in one of the two parishes in which
the Banns have been published.

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(3) Seven days' previous notice of publication must be given to the
clergy by whom the Banns are to be published--though the clergy may
remit this length of notice if they choose.

(4) The Banns must be published on three separate (though not
necessarily successive) Sundays.

(5) Before the marriage, a certificate of publication must be presented
to the officiating clergyman, from the clergyman of the other parish in
which the Banns were published.

(6) Banns only hold good for three months. After this period, they
must be again published three times before the marriage can take place.

(7) Banns may be forbidden on four grounds: If either party is married
already; or is related by consanguinity or affinity; or is under age;
or is insane.

(8) Banns published in false names invalidate a marriage, if both
parties are cognisant of the fact before the marriage takes place, i.e.
if they wilfully intend to defeat the law, but not otherwise.

(2) Licences.

There are two kinds of Marriage Licence, an Ordinary, or Common
Licence, and a Special Licence.

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An _Ordinary Licence_, costing about L2, is granted by the Bishop, or
Ordinary, in lieu of Banns, either through his Chancellor, or a
"Surrogate," i.e. substitute. In marriage by Licence, three points may
be noticed:--

(1) One (though only one) of the parties must reside in the parish
where the marriage is to be celebrated, for fifteen days previous to
the marriage.

(2) One of the parties must apply for the Licence in person, not in
writing.

(3) A licence only holds good for three months.

A _Special Licence_, costing about L30, can only be obtained from the
Archbishop of Canterbury,[11] and is only granted after special and
minute inquiry. The points here to notice are:--

(1) Neither party need reside in the parish where the marriage is to be
solemnized.

(2) The marriage may be celebrated in any Church, whether licensed or
unlicensed[12] for marriages.

(3) It may be celebrated at any time of the day. It may be added that
if any clergyman {121} celebrates a marriage without either Banns or
Licence (or upon a Registrar's Certificate), he commits a felony, and
is liable to fourteen years' penal servitude.[13]

Other safeguards there are, such as:--

_The Time for Marriages_.--Marriages must not be celebrated before 8
A.M., or after