Confession must precede Absolution, and Penitence must precede
and accompany Confession.

_Confession._

Here we all start on common ground. We all agree upon one point, viz.
the necessity of Confession (1) _to God_ ("If we confess our sins, He
is faithful and just to forgive us our sins") {146} and (2) _to man_
("Confess your faults one to another"). Further, we all agree that
confession to man is in reality confession to God ("Against Thee, _Thee
only_, have I sinned"). Our only ground of difference is, not
_whether_ we ought to confess, but _how_ we ought to confess. It is a
difference of method rather than of principle.

There are two ways of confessing sins (whether to God, or to man), the
informal, and the formal. Most of us use one way; some the other; many
both.

_Informal Confession_.--Thank God, I can use this way at any, and at
every, moment of my life. If I have sinned, I need wait for no formal
act of Confession; but, as I am, and where I am, I can make my
Confession. Then, and there, I can claim the Divine response to the
soul's three-fold _Kyrie_: "Lord, have mercy upon me; Christ, have
mercy upon me; Lord, have mercy upon me". But do I never want--does
God never want--anything more than this? The soul is not always
satisfied with such an easy method of going to Confession. It needs at
times something more impressive, something perhaps less superficial,
less easy going. It demands more time for {147} deepening thought, and
greater knowledge of what it has done, before sin's deadly hurt cuts
deep enough to produce real repentance, and to prevent repetition. At
such times, it cries for something more formal, more solemn, than
instantaneous confession. It needs, what the Prayer Book calls, "a
special Confession of sins".

_Formal Confession_.--Hence our Prayer Book provides two formal Acts of
Confession, and suggests a third. Two of these are for public use, the
third for private.

In Matins and Evensong, and in the Eucharistic Office, a form of
"_general_ confession" is provided. Both forms are in the first person
plural throughout. Clearly, their primary intention is, not to make us
merely think of, or confess, our own personal sins, but the sins of the
Church,--and our own sins, as members of the Church. It is "we" have
sinned, rather than "I" have sinned. Such formal language might,
otherwise, at times be distressingly unreal,--when, e.g., not honestly
feeling that the "bur