olia_) (Oregon Pine, Puget Sound Pine,
Yellow Fir, Douglas Spruce, Red Pine). Heartwood light red or yellow
in color, sapwood narrow, nearly white, comparatively free from
resins, variable annual rings. Wood usually hard, strong, difficult to
work, durable, splinters easily. Used for heavy construction,
dimension timber, railway ties, doors, blinds, interior finish, piles,
etc. One of the most important of Western trees. From the plains to
the Pacific Ocean, and from Mexico to British America.

TAMARACK (See Larch)

YEW

Wood heavy, hard, extremely stiff and strong, of fine texture with a
pale yellow sapwood, and an orange-red heartwood; seasons well and is
quite durable. Extensively used for archery bows, turner's ware, etc.
The yews form no forests, but occur scattered with other conifers.

=42. Yew= (_Taxus brevifolia_). A small to medium-sized tree of the
Pacific region.

SECTION III

BROAD-LEAVED TREES

WOOD OF BROAD-LEAVED TREES

[Illustration: Fig. 4. Block of Oak. CS, cross-section; RS,
radial section; TS, tangential section; _mr_, medullary or
pith ray; _a_, height; _b_, width; and _e_, length of pith
ray.]

[Illustration: Fig. 5. Board of Oak. CS, cross-section; RS,
radial section; TS, tangential section; _v_, vessels or
pores, cut through.; A, slight curve in log which appears in
section as an islet.]

[Illustration: Fig. 6. Cross-section of Oak (Magnified about
5 times).]

On a cross-section of oak, the same arrangement of pith and bark, of
sapwood and heartwood, and the same disposition of the wood in
well-defined concentric or annual rings occur, but the rings are
marked by lines or rows of conspicuous pores or openings, which occupy
the greater part of the spring-wood for each ring (see Fig. 4, also
6), and are, in fact the hollows of vessels through which the cut has
been made. On the radial section or quarter-sawn board the several
layers appear as so many stripes (see Fig. 5); on the tangential
section or "bastard" face patterns similar to those mentioned for pine
wood are observed. But while the patterns in hard pine are marked by
the darker summer-wood, and are composed of plain, alternating stripes
of darker and lighter wood, the figures in oak (and other broad-leaved
woods) are due chiefly to the v