e soil, shrinks and checks considerably in drying, the
very narrow sapwood greenish yellow, the heartwood brown, with shades
of red and green. Used for wagon hubs, trenails or pins, but
especially for railway ties, fence posts, and door sills. Also used
for boat parts, turnery, ornamentations, and locally for construction.
Abroad it is much used for furniture and farming implements and also
in turnery. At home in the Alleghany Mountains, extensively planted,
especially in the West.

=52. Honey Locust= (_Gleditschia triacanthos_) (Honey Shucks, Locust,
Black Locust, Brown Locust, Sweet Locust, False Acacia, Three-Thorned
Acacia). A medium-sized tree. Wood heavy, hard, strong, tough, durable
in contact with the soil, of coarse texture, susceptible to a good
polish. The narrow sapwood yellow, the heartwood brownish red. So far,
but little appreciated except for fences and fuel. Used to some extent
for wheel hubs, and locally in rough construction. Found from
Pennsylvania to Nebraska, and southward to Florida and Texas; locally
quite abundant.

=53. Locust= (_Robinia viscosa_) (Clammy Locust). Usually a shrub five
or six feet high, but known to reach a height of 40 feet in the
mountains of North Carolina, with the habit of a tree. Wood light
brown, heavy, hard, and close-grained. Not used to much extent in
manufacture. Range same as the preceding.

MAGNOLIA

=54. Magnolia= (_Magnolia glauca_) (Swamp Magnolia, Small Magnolia,
Sweet Bay, Beaver Wood). Small-sized tree. Heartwood reddish brown,
sap wood cream white. Sparingly used in manufacture. Ranges from Essex
County, Mass., to Long Island, N. Y., from New Jersey to Florida, and
west in the Gulf region to Texas.

=55. Magnolia= (_Magnolia tripetala_) (Umbrella Tree). A small-sized
tree. Wood in its quality similiar to the preceding. It may be easily
recognized by its great leaves, twelve to eighteen inches long, and
five to eight inches broad. This species as well as the preceding is
an ornamental tree. Ranges from Pennsylvania southward to the Gulf.

=56. Cucumber Tree= (_Magnolia accuminata_) (Tulip-wood, Poplar).
Medium- to large-sized tree. Heartwood yellowish brown, sapwood almost
white. Wood light, soft, satiny, close-grained, durable in contact
with the soil, resembling and sometimes confounded with tulip tree
(_Liriodendron tulipifera_) in the markets. The wood shrinks
considerably, but seasons without much injury, and works