t in British America than in the United States,
where it ranges southward to Pennsylvania and westward to Minnesota.

=113. Glaucous Willow= (_Salix discolor_) (Pussy Willow). A small-sized
tree. Common along the banks of streams, and ranges from Nova Scotia
to Manitoba, and south to Delaware; west to Indiana and northwestern
Missouri.

=114. Crack Willow= (_Salix fragilis_). A medium to large-sized tree.
Wood is very soft, light, very flexible and fairly strong, is fairly
durable in contact with the soil, works well and stands well. Used
principally for basket making, hoops, etc., and to produce charcoal
for gunpowder. Very common, and widely distributed in the United
States.

=115. Weeping Willow= (_Salix babylonica_). Medium- to large-sized tree.
Wood similiar to _Salix nigra_, but not so valuable. Mostly an
ornamental tree. Originally came from China. Widely planted in the
United States.

YELLOW WOOD

=116. Yellow Wood= (_Cladrastis lutea_) (Virgilia). A small to
medium-sized tree. Wood yellow to pale brown, heavy, hard,
close-grained and strong. Not used to much extent in manufacturing.
Not common. Found principally on the limestone cliffs of Kentucky,
Tennessee, and North Carolina.

SECTION IV

GRAIN, COLOR, ODOR, WEIGHT, AND FIGURE IN WOOD

DIFFERENT GRAINS OF WOOD

The terms "fine-grained," "coarse-grained," "straight-grained," and
"cross-grained" are frequently applied in the trade. In common usage,
wood is coarse-grained if its annual rings are wide; fine-grained if
they are narrow. In the finer wood industries a fine-grained wood is
capable of high polish, while a coarse-grained wood is not, so that in
this latter case the distinction depends chiefly on hardness, and in
the former on an accidental case of slow or rapid growth. Generally if
the direction of the wood fibres is parallel to the axis of the stem
or limb in which they occur, the wood is straight-grained; but in many
cases the course of the fibres is spiral or twisted around the tree
(as shown in Fig. 15), and sometimes commonly in the butts of gum and
cypress, the fibres of several layers are oblique in one direction,
and those of the next series of layers are oblique in the opposite
direction. (As shown in Fig. 16 the wood is cross or twisted grain.)
Wavy-grain in a tangential plane as seen on the radial section is
illustrated in Fi