riff_).
Protector, power of, exceeded the king's.
Protective tariff (_see Tariff_).
Public administrators, abuse of.
Public domain, chapter concerning, chapter XIX.
"Public Interest" (_see Granger Cases, Rates_).
Public service corporations, rates may be regulated;
distinguished from other corporations in modern statutes.
Public work (_see Wages_), definition of.
Pullman Company, strike at.
Punishment (_see Fines_), must not be cruel or unusual;
reform in.
Pure-food laws, first example of in Assize of Bread and Beer A.D. 1266;
applying to grain, meat, fish;
selling unwholesome meat severely punishable in early England;
American laws;
history of;
in States;
matters to which they apply;
effect of;
history of;
the Federal act;
Pure food and drug laws, their criminal side.
Purple the color of royalty.
Purveyors (_see Supplies_), royal, might seize property.

_Quia emptores_, statute of.
_Quo warranto_, statute of, 1289.

Race legislation as to labor;
question.
Racial rights, chapter concerning, chapter XVI, question on labor
matters.
Railroads (_see Rates_), steam, bonds for voted by cities,
counties, etc.;
interstate commerce power over rates;
hours of labor on.
Railways, street, abutters' consent necessary for franchise.
Rape, made criminal at common law by statute Westminster I;
made a capital offence in 1285;
penalty made death in the South as at common law;
rigor of the common law preserved.
Rates (_see Extortion, Discrimination_), must be reasonable at
common law;
of public service companies must be uniform;
regulation of generally, chapter VIII, of railways;
"granger" laws;
by State commissions;
clash between State and Federal governments;
what are reasonable;
of gas, water, light companies, etc.;
need not be uniform;
modern examples of;
reason for regulation of;
in foreign countries;
railway rate act of 1910;
the long and short haul clause.
Raw material, laws against export of, common in England.
Real property, real estate (_see Property_).
Recall, the, a new reform.
Recommendations, of servants, etc. (_see Black List_), have early
origin in England.
Referendum (_see Initiative_), modern movement for;
in case of franchise.
Reform, movements of, in nineteenth century.
Regrating (_see Forestalling, Middle Men_), first statute against;
definition of;
of fish and wool forbidden under Henry VIII;
of butter and c