t of bitterness and
disloyalty. During his fifteen years of service until he retired in
1909, Morrissey saw his order rejuvenated and virtually reconstructed,
the work of the men standardized in the greater part of the country,
slight increases of pay given to the freight and passenger men, and very
substantial increases granted to the yard men. But his greatest service
to his order was in thoroughly establishing it in the public confidence.

He was succeeded by William G. Lee, who had served in many subordinate
offices in local lodges before he had been chosen First Vice-Grand
Master in 1895. For fifteen years he was a faithful understudy to
Morrissey whose policy he has continued in a characteristically fearless
and thoroughgoing manner. When he assumed the presidency of the order,
he obtained a ten-hour day in the Eastern territory for all train and
yard men, together with a slight increase in pay for all classes fixed
on the ten-hour basis. The ten-hour day was now adopted in Western
territory where it had not already been put into effect. The Southern
territory, however, held out until 1912, when a general advance on
all Southern railroads, with one exception, brought the freight and
passenger men to a somewhat higher level of wages than existed in other
parts of the country. In the following year the East and the West raised
their wages so that finally a fairly level rate prevailed throughout the
United States. In the movement for the eight-hour day which culminated
in the passage of the Adamson Law by Congress, Lee and his order took
a prominent part. In 1919 the Trainmen had $253,000,000 insurance in
force, and up to that year had paid out $42,500,000 in claims. Of this
latter amount $3,604,000 was paid out in 1918, one-half of which was
attributed to the influenza epidemic.

Much of the success and power of the railroad Brotherhoods is due to the
character of their members as well as to able leadership. The editor of
a leading newspaper has recently written: "The impelling power behind
every one of these organizations is the membership. I say this without
detracting from the executive or administrative abilities of the men who
have been at the head of these organizations, for their influence
has been most potent in carrying out the will of their several
organizations. But whatever is done is first decided upon by the men
and it is then put up to their chief executive officers for their
direction."

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