ates Circuit Court, declared, in
a leading case, that "a strike without violence would equal the
representation of Hamlet with the part of Hamlet omitted." Justice
Brewer of the United States Supreme Court said that "the common rule as
to strikes" is not only for the workers to quit but to "forcibly prevent
others from taking their place." Historic examples involving violence
of this sort are the great railway strikes of 1877, when Pittsburgh,
Reading, Cincinnati, Chicago, and Buffalo were mob-ridden; the strike
of the steel-workers at Homestead, Pennsylvania, in 1892; the Pullman
strike of 1894, when President Cleveland sent Federal troops to Chicago;
the great anthracite strike of 1902, which the Federal Commission
characterized as "stained with a record of riot and bloodshed"; the
civil war in the Colorado and Idaho mining regions, where the Western
Federation of Miners battled with the militia and Federal troops;
the dynamite outrages, perpetrated by the structural iron workers,
stretching across the entire country, and reaching a dastardly climax in
the dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building on October 1, 1910, in
which some twenty men were killed. The recoil from this outrage was the
severest blow which organized labor has received in America. John J.
McNamara, Secretary of the Structural Iron Workers' Association, and his
brother James were indicted for murder. After the trial was staged and
the eyes of the nation were upon it, the public was shocked and the
hopes of labor unionists were shattered by the confessions of the
principals. In March, 1912, a Federal Grand Jury at Indianapolis
returned fifty-four indictments against officers and members of the same
union for participation in dynamite outrages that had occurred during
the six years in many parts of the country, with a toll of over one
hundred lives and the destruction of property valued at many millions
of dollars. Among those indicted was the president of the International
Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers. Most of the
defendants were sentenced to various terms in the penitentiary.

The records of this industrial warfare are replete with lesser battles
where thuggery joined hands with desperation in the struggle for wages.
Evidence is not wanting that local leaders have frequently incited their
men to commit acts of violence in order to impress the public with their
earnestness. It is not an inviting picture, this matching of the su