decision in such
a way that the reader would see at a glance that the company was under
union ban. These evasions of the court's order were interpreted
as contempt, and in punishment the officers of the Federation were
sentenced to imprisonment: Frank Morrison for six months, John Mitchell
for nine months, Samuel Gompers for twelve months. But a technicality
intervened between the leaders and the cells awaiting them. The public
throughout the country had followed the course of this case with mingled
feelings of sympathy and disfavor, and though the boycott had never met
with popular approval, on the whole the public was relieved to learn
that the jail-sentences were not to be served.

The Danbury Hatters' boycott was brought on in 1903 by the attempt of
the Hatters' Union to make a closed shop of a manufacturing concern in
Danbury, Connecticut. The unions moved upon Danbury, flushed with two
recent victories--one in Philadelphia, where an important hat factory
had agreed to the closed shop after spending some $40,000 in fighting,
and another at Orange, New Jersey, where a manufacturer had spent
$25,000. But as the Danbury concern was determined to fight the union,
in 1902 a nationwide boycott was declared. The company then brought
suit against members of the union in the United States District Court.
Injunction proceedings reached the Supreme Court of the United States on
a demurrer, and in February, 1908, the court declared that the Sherman
Anti-Trust Law forbade interstate boycotts. The case then returned to
the original court for trial. Testimony was taken in many States, and
after a trial lasting twelve weeks the jury assessed the damages to the
plaintiff at $74,000. On account of error, the case was remanded for
re-trial in 1911. At the second trial the jury gave the plaintiff a
verdict for $80,000, the full amount asked. According to the law, this
amount was trebled, leaving the judgment, with costs added, at $252,000.
The Supreme Court having sustained the verdict, the puzzling question
of how to collect it arose. As such funds as the union had were
invulnerable to process, the savings bank accounts of the individual
defendants were attached. The union insisted that the defendants were
not taxable for accrued interest, and the United States Supreme Court,
now appealed to for a third time, sustained the plaintiff's contention.
In this manner $60,000 were obtained. Foreclosure proceedings were then
begun against o