stayed a short time in Scotland, and then, seized with
panic, retreated to France, leaving his friends to shift for themselves
as they best could. He died a pensioner of the Pope.

The son of this man, Charles Edward, of whom so much in later years has
been said and written, was a worthless ignorant youth, and a profligate
and illiterate old man. When young, the best that can be said of him is,
that he had occasionally springs of courage, invariably at the wrong time
and place, which merely served to lead his friends into inextricable
difficulties. When old, he was loathsome and contemptible to both friend
and foe. His wife loathed him, and for the most terrible of reasons; she
did not pollute his couch, for to do that was impossible--he had made it
so vile; but she betrayed it, inviting to it not only Alfieri the Filthy,
but the coarsest grooms. Doctor King, the warmest and almost last
adherent of his family, said, that there was not a vice or crime of which
he was not guilty; as for his foes, they scorned to harm him even when in
their power. In the year 1745 he came down from the Highlands of
Scotland, which had long been a focus of rebellion. He was attended by
certain clans of the Highlands, desperadoes used to free-bootery from
their infancy, and, consequently, to the use of arms, and possessed of a
certain species of discipline; with these he defeated at Prestonpans a
body of men called soldiers, but who were in reality peasants and
artizans, levied about a month before, without discipline or confidence
in each other, and who were miserably massacred by the Highland army; he
subsequently invaded England, nearly destitute of regular soldiers, and
penetrated as far as Derby, from which place he retreated on learning
that regular forces which had been hastily recalled from Flanders were
coming against him, with the Duke of Cumberland at their head; he was
pursued, and his rearguard overtaken and defeated by the dragoons of the
duke at Clifton, from which place the rebels retreated in great confusion
across the Eden into Scotland, where they commenced dancing Highland
reels and strathspeys on the bank of the river, for joy at their escape,
whilst a number of wretched girls, paramours of some of them, were
perishing in the waters of the swollen river in an attempt to follow
them; they themselves passed over by eighties and by hundreds, arm in
arm, for mutual safety, without the loss of a man, but they left the po