ports:
$12.8 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
machinery 23%, metals 17%, chemicals 13%, fuels 11%, food 10% (1991 est.)
partners:
FRG 25.1%, former USSR 15.3%, UK 7.1%, Switzerland 4.7% (1990)
Imports:
$12.9 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
machinery 35%, fuels 20%, chemicals 13%, food 11%, light industry 7% (1991
est.)
partners:
FRG 20.1%, former USSR 19.8%, Italy 7.5%, Switzerland 6.4% (1990)
External debt:
$48.5 billion (January 1992); note - Poland's Western government creditors
promised in 1991 to forgive 30% of Warsaw's official debt - currently $33
billion - immediately and to forgive another 20% by 1994, if Poland adheres
to its IMF program
Industrial production:
growth rate -14% (State sector 1991 est.)
Electricity:
31,530,000 kW capacity; 136,300 million kWh produced, 3,610 kWh per capita
(1990)
Industries:
machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals,
shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

:Poland Economy

Agriculture:
accounts for 15% of GDP and 27% of labor force; 75% of output from private
farms, 25% from state farms; productivity remains low by European standards;
leading European producer of rye, rapeseed, and potatoes; wide variety of
other crops and livestock; major exporter of pork products; normally
self-sufficient in food
Illicit drugs:
illicit producers of opium for domestic consumption and amphetamines for the
international market; emerging as a transshipment point for illicit drugs to
Western Europe
Economic aid:
donor - bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed countries, $2.2
billion (1954-89); note - the G-24 has pledged $8 billion in grants and
credit guarantees to Poland
Currency:
Zoty (plural - Zotych); 1 Zoty (Z) = 100 groszy
Exchange rates:
Zotych (z) per US$1 - 13,443 (March 1992), 10,576 (1991), 9,500 (1990),
1,439.18 (1989), 430.55 (1988), 265.08 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year

:Poland Communications

Railroads:
27,041 km total; 24,287 km 1.435-meter gauge, 397 km 1.520-meter gauge,
2,357 km narrow gauge; 8,987 km double track; 11,016 km electrified;
government owned (1989)
Highways:
299,887 km total; 130,000 km improved hard surface (concrete, asphalt, stone
block); 24,000 km unimproved hard surface (crushed stone, gravel); 100,000
km earth; 45,