ue to shift to more expensive products,
-2% before this adjustment (1991)

:Russia Economy

Electricity:
42,500 MW capacity; 1,100 billion kWh produced, 7,430 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas,
chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to
high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; ship- building; road and rail
transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery,
tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and
transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer
durables
Agriculture:
grain, meat, milk, vegetables, fruits; because of its northern location
Russia does not grow citrus, cotton, tea, and other warm climate products
Illicit drugs:
illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption;
government has active eradication program; used as transshipment point for
illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $NA; Western (non-US) countries,
ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-86), $NA; Communist countries
(1971-86), $NA million
Currency:
ruble (plural - rubles); 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks
Exchange rates:
150 rubles per US$1 (20 July 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations
Fiscal year:
calendar year

:Russia Communications

Railroads:
87,180 km all 1.520-meter broad gauge (includes NA km electrified); does not
include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
879,100 km total (1990); 652,500 km hard-surfaced, 226,600 km earth
Inland waterways:
NA km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
crude oil and petroleum products 68,400 km, natural gas NA km
Ports:
maritime - St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Arkhangel'sk,
Novorossiysk, Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Kholmsk, Korsakov, Magadan, Tiksi,
Tuapse, Vanino, Vostochnyy, Vyborg; inland - Astrakhan', Nizhniy Novgorod
(Gor'kiy), Kazan', Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Samara (Kuybyshev), Moscow,
Rostov, Volgograd
Merchant marine:
842 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,151,393 GRT/11,308,812 DWT;
includes 494 cargo, 39 container, 2 barge carrier, 3 roll-on/float-off, 69
roll-on/roll-off, 131 petroleum tanker, 53 bulk cargo, 9 chemical tanker, 2
specialized liquid carriers, 17 combination ore/oil, 23 pass