commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion
Currency:
Portuguese escudo (plural - escudos); 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100
centavos

:Portugal Economy

Exchange rates:
Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 143.09 (March 1992), 144.48 (1991),
142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988), 140.88 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year

:Portugal Communications

Railroads:
3,613 km total; state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km
1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 755 km
1.000-meter gauge; 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double track,
privately owned
Highways:
73,661 km total; 61,599 km surfaced (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone),
including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth;
4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)
Inland waterways:
820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton cargo capacity
Pipelines:
crude oil 11 km; petroleum products 58 km
Ports:
Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Velas (Azores), Setubal,
Sines
Merchant marine:
53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 738,774 GRT/1,300,787 DWT; includes 1
short-sea passenger, 20 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 3 container, 1
roll-on/roll-off cargo, 13 petroleum tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 8 bulk, 2
vehicle carrier; note - Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira
(MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will have the taxation and crewing
benefits of a flag of convenience; although only one ship currently is known
to fly the Portuguese flag on the MAR register, it is likely that a majority
of Portuguese flag ships will transfer to this subregister in a few years
Civil air:
43 major transport aircraft
Airports:
65 total, 62 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over
3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and radio
relay; 2,690,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 57 AM, 66 (22 repeaters)
FM, 66 (23 repeaters) TV; 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT earth stations (2
Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT, domestic satellite systems