for
ordinary work) is Benedict's test.

It is performed as follows: Measure with a pipette 25 c.c. of
Benedict's solution into a porcelain dish, add 5 or 10 gm.
(approximately) of solid sodic carbonate, heat to boiling, and while
boiling, run in the urine until a white precipitate forms.

Then add the urine more slowly until the last trace of blue
disappears. The urine should be diluted so that not less than 10 c.c.
will be required to give the amount of sugar which the 25 c.c. of
reagent is capable of oxidizing.

Calculation: 5, divided by the number of c.c. of urine run in, equals
the per cent. of sugar.

Benedict's quantitative solution is prepared as follows: Dissolve 9.0
gm. of copper sulphate in 100 c.c. distilled water. (The copper
sulphate must be weighed very accurately.) Dissolve 50 gm. anhydrous
sodic carbonate, 100 gm. sodic citrate, and 65 gm. of potassium sulpho
cyanate in 250 c.c. of distilled water.

Pour the copper solution slowly into the alkaline citrate solution.
Then pour the mixed solution into the flask without loss, and make up
to 500 c.c.; 25 c.c. of this solution is reduced by 50 mgm. of
dextrose, 52 mgm. of levulose or 67 mgm. of lactose.

(3) Acetone Test:--To 5 c.c. of urine in a test tube add a crystal of
sodium nitro prusside. Acidify with glacial acetic acid, shake a
moment, and then make alkaline with ammonium hydrate. A purple color
indicates acetone.

(4) Diacetic Acid Test:--To 5 c.c. of urine in a test tube add an
excess of a 10% solution of Ferric chloride. A Burgundy red color
indicates diacetic acid.

_Quantitative Test for Ammonia._

To 25 c.c. of urine add 5 c.c. of a saturated solution of potassium
oxalate and 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein.

Run in from a burette decinormal sodic hydrate, to a faint pink color.
Then add 5 c.c. of formalin (40% commercial) and again titrate to the
same color.

Each c.c. of the decinormal alkali used in this last titration equals
1 c.c. of n/10 ammonia, or .0017 gm. of ammonia. Multiply this by the
number of c.c. n/10 sodic hydrate used in the last titration; this
gives the number of grams of ammonia in 25 c.c. urine.

Note:--The potassium oxalate and the formalin must both be neutral to
phenolphthalein.

1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds.
1 calorie = The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature
of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Centigrade.
1 gram fat = 9.3 calories.
1 gram protein = 4.1 calories.
1 g