generally been
recognized (_e.g._ by Spinoza, Spencer, Haeckel).
If the ultimate Reality is not Matter, it must be
utterly unlike anything we know, or be Mind. The
latter view more probable, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6. It is more reasonable to explain the lower by the
higher than _vice versa_, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

LECTURE II

THE UNIVERSAL CAUSE, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1. We have been led by the idealistic argument to
recognize the necessity of a Mind which _thinks_ the
world. Insufficiency of this view.

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2. In our experiences of external Nature we meet with
nothing but succession, never with Causality. The
Uniformity of Nature is a postulate of Physical
Science, not a necessity of thought. The idea of
Causality derived from our consciousness of Volition.
Causality=Activity, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3. If events must have a cause, and we know of no cause
but Will, it is reasonable to infer that the events
which _we_ do not cause must be caused by some other
Will; and the systematic unity of Nature implies that
this cause must be _One_ Will, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4. Moreover, the analogy of the human mind suggests the
probability that, if God is Mind, there must be in
Him, as in us, the three activities of Thought,
Feeling, and Will, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5. The above line of argument can be used by the Realist
who believes matter to be a thing-in-itself; but it
fits in much better with the Idealistic view of the
relations between mind and matter, and with the
tendency of modern physics to resolve matter into Force, . 48

6. Testimony of Spencer and Kant to the theory that the
Ultimate Reality is Will, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

7. Is God a Person? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

LECTURE III

GOD AND THE MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1. The empirical study of Nature ('red in tooth and
claw') can tell us of purpose, not what the purpose is.
The only source of knowledge of the character of God is
to be found in the moral Consciousness.

2. Our moral judgements are as valid as other judgements
(_e.g._ mathematical axioms), and equally reveal the
thought of God, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6