ous | 6.43 | 7.71 | 11.15
|-------|-------|------
|266.21 |431.21 |285.19
-------------------------------------------

It will be observed that the expenditure of B under the
heading of furniture, 160 yen, is out of all proportion with the
expenditures of A and C, 10 yen and 1 yen respectively. This
is due to the fact that B had to provide a bride's chest for a
daughter.

A balance sheet given me by a peasant proprietor in Aichi
(5_tan_ of two-crop paddy and 5 _tan_ of upland) showed a balance
in hand of 27 yen.

An agricultural expert said to me, "The peasant proprietors
are the backbone of the country, but the condition of the backbone
is not good. The peasant proprietors can make ends meet
only by secondary employments." The expert showed me average
figures for 18 farmers for 1891, 1900 and 1909. The average
land of these men was a little over a _cho_ of paddy and 5 _tan_ of
upland and some woodland. They had spent 39, 63 and 86
yen on artificial manures as against 100, 153 and 204 yen on
food. The balance at the end of the year for the three years
respectively was 27, 40 and 29 yen. "The figures reflect the
general condition," I was told.

INCOMES AND EXPENDITURES OF TENANTS.--I may also note the
circumstances of the largest and of the smallest tenant in an Aichi
village I visited. The largest tenant family showed a balance in hand,
93 yen; the smallest tenant, 23 yen.

The accounts of 16 tenants for 1891 showed an average sum of 3 yen in
hand at the end of the year, for 1900 a loss of 5 yen and for 1909 a
gain of 1 yen. These men had an average of 9 _tan_ of paddy and 2
_tan_ of upland. The man who gave me the data said that in the
north-east of Japan "the condition of the tenants is miserable--eating
almost cattle food." The only bright spot for tenants was that, as
compared with peasant proprietors, they were free to change their
holdings and even their business.

INCOMES OF TENANTS AND PEASANT PROPRIETORS (SHIDZUOKA).--One tenant,
who pays 159 yen in rent and taxes, shows a total income of 374 yen
and an expenditure of 538 yen, with a _net loss of 164 yen_. "Farmers
of this class," notes the local expert on the memorandum he gave me,
"are becoming poorer every year." This tenant spent 2 yen on medicine
and 5 yen on tobacco. ("Nothing else for enjoyment," pencils the
expert.) In addition to parents, a man, a woman and a girl of the
family worked. Food cos