ese were in Hokkaido. See also Appendix XXXI.

VEGETABLE WAX MAKING [XLVIII]. The wax-tree berries are flailed and
then pounded. Next comes boiling. The mush obtained is put into a bag
and that bag into a wooden press. The result is wax in its first
state. A reboiling follows and then--the discovery of the method was
made by a wax manufacturer while washing his hands--a slow dropping of
the wax into water. What is taken out of the water is wax in a flaked
state. It is dried, melted and poured into moulds. The best berries
yield 13 per cent. of fine wax. The variety of wax grown was _oro_
(yellow wax). There is another variety. The sort I saw is grafted at
three years with its own variety. The fruitful period lasts for a
quarter of a century. Roughly, the yield is 100 _kwan_ per _tan_.
Formerly, wax was made from wild trees.

NAMES FOR ETA [XLIX]. Eta (great defilement) is an offensive name. The
phrase _tokushu buraku_ (special villages), applied to Eta hamlets, is
also objected to. _Heimin_ is the official name, but the Eta are
generally termed _shin heimin_ (new common people), which is again
regarded as invidiously distinguishing them. The name _chiho_ is now
officially proposed for Eta villages. The fact that many Eta have
made large sums during the war has somewhat improved the position of
their class. Some Eta are well satisfied with their name and freely
acknowledge their origin. Year by year intermarriage increases in
Japan. A Home Department official has been quoted as saying that in
1918 as many as 450 marriages were registered between Eta and ordinary
Japanese.

The population of the village I visited, 1,900 in 300 families, was
getting its living as follows: farming 682, trade 185, industry 31,
day labour 97, travelling players 180, not reported 180. The
Parliamentary voters were 10, prefectural 17, county 19 and village
57. There were 98 ex-soldiers in the community and one man was a
member of the local education committee. The birth rate was above the
local average. The crimes committed during the year were: theft 2,
gambling 2, assault 1, police offences 3. Of the 300 families only one
was destitute, and it had been taken care of by the young women's
society.

A considerable proportion of the early emigrants to America were Eta.
It is now recognised that it was a short-sighted policy on the part of
the authorities to allow them to go.

PAPER MAKING [L]. A paper-making outfit may cost from 60 to