per cent. In most cases subsidiary dishes consist of vegetables,
meat or beans being supplied on an average only eight times a month.
Dormitories are in defiance of hygienic rules. In most cases only half
to 1 _tsubo_ (4 square yards) are allotted to one person." See also
Appendix LXIX.

CHINESE COMPETITION WITH JAPAN [XLIII]. The _Jiji_ called attention in
the spring of 1921 to the way in which spinning mills in China were an
increasing menace to Japanese industry. There were in China 810,000
spindles under Chinese management, 250,000 under European and 340,000
under Japanese, a total of 1,430,000, which will shortly be increased
to 1,150,000 against 3,000,000 in Japan only 1,800,000 of which are at
work. The 1919 return was: China, 1,530,000; Japan, 3,200,000.

HOODWINKING THE FOREIGNER [XLIV] In the _Manchester Guardian_ Japan
Number, June 9, 1921, the managing director of a leading spinning
company, in a page and a half article, states that among the reasons
why a large capitalisation is needed by Japanese factories, beyond the
fact of higher cost of machinery, is the "special protection needed
for Japanese operatives and the special consideration given by the
spinners to the happiness and welfare of their operatives." When will
Japanese believe their best friends when they tell them that such
attempts to hoodwink the foreigner achieve no result but to cover
themselves with ridicule?

TOBACCO [XLV]. In 1918-19 there was produced on 24,439 _cho_
10,308,089 _kwan_ of tobacco. During the same period 9,681,274 _kwan_
were taken by the Government, which paid 19,114,803 yen or 1.974 per
_kwan_. In 1919 there was imported leaf tobacco to the value of
5,288,918 yen. Cigarettes to the value of 589,744 yen were exported.
The profits of the Tobacco Monopoly, estimated at 71 millions for
1919-20, were estimated at 88 millions for 1920-1.

ELECTORAL OFFENCES [XLVI]. There were candidates at the 1920 election
who spent 50,000 yen. It is not uncommon for the number of persons
charged with election offences to reach four figures. The
qualification for a vote (law of 1918) is the payment of 3 yen of
national tax. Under the old law there were about 25 voters per 1,000
inhabitants; now there are 54.

SMALLNESS OF ESTATES [XLVII]. The number of men holding from 5 to 10
_cho_ was, in 1919, 121,141 and between 10 and 50 _cho_, 45,978. The
number holding 50 _cho_ (125 acres) and upwards was only 4,226, and
400 or so of th