s
were also slaughtered. In Great Britain (arable, pasture and grazing
area, 63 million acres) there were, in 1919, 11 million cattle, 25
million sheep, 3 million pigs and 1-3/4 million horses.

EGGS AND POULTRY [LXVII]. Even with the assistance of a tariff on
Chinese eggs and of a Government poultry yard, which distributes birds
and sittings at cost price, there were in 1919 14,105,085 fowls and
11,278,783 chickens. There was an importation of 3-1/2 million "fresh"
eggs.

MEAT CONSUMPTION [LXVIII]. The present meat consumption by Japanese is
uncertain, for there were in 1920[A] 3,579 foreign residents and
22,104 visitors, and there is an exportation of ham and tinned and
potted foods. The number of animals slaughtered in 1918 was: cattle
and calves, 226,108; horses, 86,800; sheep and goats, 9,587; swine,
327,074. Someone said to me that "the nutritious flesh of the horse
should not be neglected, for the farmer is able to digest tough food."

[Footnote A: In 1921 as many as 24,000 foreigners landed in nine months.]

TUBERCULOSIS IN THE MILLS [LXIX]. When we remember early and
mid-Victorian conditions in English mills and the conditions of the
sweat shops in New York and other American cities (vide "Susan
Lenox"), we shall be less inclined to take a harsh view of industrial
Japan during a period of transition. But it is to the interest of the
woollen industry no less than that of its workers that the fact should
be stated that a competent authority has alleged that 50 per cent. of
the employees in the mills suffer from consumption and that many girls
sleep ten in a room of only ten-mat size. Improvements have been made
lately under the influence of legislation and enlightened
self-interest--the president of the largest company is a man of
foresight and public spirit--but when I was in Japan, as I recorded in
the _New East_ at the time, girls of 13 and 14 were working 11-hour
day and night shifts in some mills.

WOOLLEN FACTORIES [LXX]. In the Japanese woollen factory the cost of
the hands is low individually, but expensive collectively. An expert
suggested that it takes half a dozen of the unskilled girls to do the
work of an English mill-girl. It is much the same with male labour.
"An English worker may be expected to produce work equal to the output
of four Japanese hands." Labour for heads of departments is also
difficult to get. There are textile schools and probably a hundred men
are graduated yearly.