zilian
Cavalry on national horses. That will perhaps lead some day to a great
improvement in the breeding of animals all over the country, and
especially in Goyaz, which provided the most suitable land for that
purpose. The same remarks could, perhaps, in a slightly lesser degree, be
applied to the breeding of donkeys and mules. No care whatever was
exercised by the breeders in order to improve the breeds. Everything was
left to luck and chance. The result was that a degenerate type of animal
was produced--wonderful indeed, considering the way it was bred, but
which might be improved to an immense extent and made into a remarkable
animal, in such a propitious climate and with such marvellous pasture
lands.

With cattle also, it is safe to assert that, since the colonial time,
very little fresh foreign blood of any importance has been introduced in
breeding--except, perhaps, some inferior types of the Indian humped zebu.
Most of the stock I saw in Southern Goyaz was intermixed with zebu. The
formerly existing bovine races, such as the Mocha, Coracu and Crioula
have now almost altogether disappeared.

Unlike most other States of Brazil, Goyaz had no Provincial Customs
duties. With its immense frontier, bordering upon seven different other
States, it would be impossible to enforce the collection of payments. No
reliable statistics were obtainable as to the amount of exports or
imports of the State. Even approximately it would be impossible to make a
guess as to the actual amount of the resources of the State.

Sugar-cane and tobacco could be profitably grown in the State. The small
quantity of tobacco grown there was of excellent quality.

[Illustration: The Main Square of Goyaz City,

Showing Prison and Public Library.]

[Illustration: Some of the Baggage and Scientific Instruments used
by the Author on his Expedition.]

The Government of Goyaz Province consisted of three Powers: the
Executive, represented by the President, elected for three years by
universal suffrage; the Legislature--a Chamber of Deputies equally
elected for three years by suffrage; and a Judicial power constituted by
the High Court of Justice, _Juges de droit_--law judges--and District
Judges. To be elected President of Goyaz State all that was necessary
was to be a Brazilian citizen, over thirty years of age, and able to read
and write. The same applied to the election of Deputies--for whom a
residence of only two years in the State was suffi