representations of human heads, reproduced with considerable artistic
fidelity. Other bottles represented strange gnawing faces, with expanded
eyes and a fierce moustache.

Judging from the representations of figures on their jars, the people in
those days wore their hair in little plaits round the head. Heads of
llamas sculptured in stone or else modelled in earthenware were used as
vessels.

The Incas made serviceable mortars for grinding grain, of polished hard
rock, mostly of a circular shape, seldom more than two feet in diameter.

The matrimonial stone was interesting enough. It was a double vessel
carved out of a solid stone, a perforation being made in the partition
between the two vessels. It seems, when marriages were performed, that
the Incas placed a red liquid in one vessel and some water in the other,
the perforation in the central partition being stopped up until the
ceremony took place, when the liquids were allowed to mingle in emblem of
the union of the two lives. Curious, too, was the pipe-like arrangement,
called the _kenko_, ornamented with a carved jaguar head, also used at
their marriage ceremonies.

[Illustration: Lake Titicaca.]

[Illustration: Guaqui, the Port for La Paz on Lake Titicaca.]

Their stone axes and other implements were of extraordinary
interest--their rectangularly-shaped stone knives, the star- and
cross-shaped heads for their war clubs, as well as the star-shaped
weights which they used for offensive purposes, attached, perhaps, to a
sling. Many were the weapons of offence made of stone which have been
found near Cuzco, some of which were used by holding in the hand, others
attached to sticks.

The Incas were fairly good sculptors, not only in stone but also in
moulding human figures and animals in silver and gold. Llamas, deer,
long-nosed human-faced idols were represented by them with fidelity of
detail, although perhaps not so much accuracy in the general proportions.
At a later date the Incas used metal implements, such as small rakes and
chisels for smoothing rock. They made hair-pins and ear-rings, chiefly of
a mixture of gold, silver, lead and copper.

I saw at Cuzco a stone arrangement which was used by the Incas for
washing and milling gold. Many ornaments of silex, agate and emerald, and
also of coral, which had evidently been brought there from the coast,
have also been found near Cuzco.

The spoons and knives which the Incas used were generally made of gold