iver.]

[Footnote 479: Novitiate and probation. Explain the meaning of these
words, in the Roman Catholic Church. What does Emerson mean by them
here?]

[Footnote 480: Villegiatura. The Italian name for a season spent in
country pleasures.]

[Footnote 481: Hanging gardens. The hanging gardens of Babylon were
one of the seven wonders of the world.]

[Footnote 482: Versailles. A royal residence near Paris, with
beautiful formal gardens.]

[Footnote 483: Paphos. A beautiful city on the island of Cyprus, where
was situated a temple of Astarte, or Venus.]

[Footnote 484: Ctesiphon. One of the chief cities of ancient Persia,
the site of a magnificent royal palace.]

[Footnote 485: Notch Mountains. Probably the White Mountains near
Crawford Notch, a deep, narrow valley which is often called "The
Notch."]

[Footnote 486: AEolian harp. A stringed instrument from which sound is
drawn by the passing of the wind over its strings. It was named for
AEolus, the god of the winds, in Greek mythology.]

[Footnote 487: Dorian. Dorus was one of the four divisions of Greece:
the word is here used in a general sense for Grecian.]

[Footnote 488: Apollo. In Greek and Roman mythology, the sun god, who
presided over music, poetry, and healing.]

[Footnote 489: Diana. In Roman mythology, the goddess of the moon
devoted to the chase.]

[Footnote 490: Edens. Beautiful, sinless places,--like the garden of
Eden.]

[Footnote 491: Tempes. Places like the lovely valley of Tempe in
Thessaly, Greece.]

[Footnote 492: Como Lake. A lake of northern Italy, celebrated for its
beauty.]

[Footnote 493: Madeira Islands. Where are these islands, famous for
picturesque beauty and balmy atmosphere?]

[Footnote 494: Common. What is a common?]

[Footnote 495: Campagna. The plain near Rome.]

[Footnote 496: Dilettantism. Define this word and explain its use
here.]

[Footnote 497: "Wreaths" and "Flora's Chaplets." About the time that
Emerson was writing his essays, volumes of formal, artificial verses
were very fashionable, more as parlor ornaments than as literature.
Two such volumes were _A Wreath of Wild Flowers from New England_ and
_The Floral Offering_ by Mrs. Frances Osgood, a New England writer.]

[Footnote 498: Pan. In Greek mythology, the god of woods, fields,
flocks, and shepherds.]

[Footnote 499: The multitude of false cherubs, etc. Explain the
meaning of this sentence. If true money were valueless, would people
make false m