error and lead to evil
consequences; (3) They are not catholic or universal in time, place or
doctrine. They have not existed in all ages nor in all places, and their
doctrines do not suit all classes; (4) They are not apostolic, for they
were not established for hundreds of years after the Apostles, and they
do not teach the doctrines of the Apostles.

Q. 572. {134} From whom does the Church derive its undying life and
infallible authority?
A. The Church derives its undying life and infallible authority from the
Holy Ghost, the spirit of truth, who abides with it forever.

Q. 573. {135} By whom is the Church made and kept One, Holy, and
Catholic?
A. The Church is made and kept One, Holy, and Catholic by the Holy
Ghost, the spirit of love and holiness, who unites and sanctifies its
members throughout the world.

LESSON THIRTEENTH.
ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.

Q. 574. {136} What is a Sacrament?
A. A Sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.

Q. 575. Are these three things, namely: An outward or visible sign, the
institution of that sign by Christ, and the giving of grace through the
use of that sign, always necessary for the existence of a Sacrament?
A. These three things, namely: An outward or visible sign, the
institution of that sign by Christ, and the giving of grace through the
use of that sign, are always necessary for the existence of a Sacrament,
and if any of the three be wanting there can be no Sacrament.

Q. 576. Why does the Church use numerous ceremonies or actions in
applying the outward signs of the Sacraments?
A. The Church uses numerous ceremonies or actions in applying the
outward signs of the Sacraments to increase our reverence and devotion
for the Sacraments, and to explain their meaning and effects.

Q. 577. {137} How many Sacraments are there?
A. There are seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist,
Penance, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.

Q. 578. Were all the Sacraments instituted by Our Lord?
A. All the Sacraments were instituted by Our Lord, for God alone has
power to attach the gift of grace to the use of an outward or visible
sign. The Church, however, can institute the ceremonies to be used in
administering or giving the Sacraments.

Q. 579. How do we know there are seven Sacraments and no more or less?
A. We know there are seven Sacraments and no more or less because the
Church always taught that truth. The number of the