ARD--L'Etude 248
Louvre, Paris

XXXVII. HANS HOLBEIN--Anne of Cleves 256
Louvre, Paris

XXXVIII. WILLIAM HOGARTH--The Shrimp Girl 260
National Gallery, London

XXXIX. SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS--Lady Cockburn and Her Children 274
National Gallery, London

XL. SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS--The Age of Innocence 284
National Gallery, London

XLI. THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH--The Market Cart 290
National Gallery, London

XLII. GEORGE ROMNEY--The Parson's Daughter 298
National Gallery, London

XLIII. GEORGE ROMNEY--Mrs Robinson--"Perdita" 300
Hertford House, London

XLIV. JACQUES LOUIS DAVID--Portrait of Mme. Recamier 306
Louvre, Paris

XLV. EUGENE DELACROIX--Dante and Virgil 310
Louvre, Paris

XLVI. JOHN CONSTABLE--The Hay Wain 312
National Gallery, London

XLVII. J. M. W. TURNER--Crossing the Brook 316
National Gallery of British Art, London

XLVIII. EDOUARD MANET--Olympia 326
Louvre, Paris

XLIX. J. M. WHISTLER--Lillie in Our Alley 328
In the possession of John J. Cowan, Esq.

_INTRODUCTORY_

So far as it concerns pictures painted upon panel or canvas in tempera
or oils, the history of painting begins with Cimabue, who worked in
Florence during the latter half of the thirteenth century. That the art
was practised in much earlier times may readily be admitted, and the
life-like portraits in the vestibule at the National Gallery taken from
Greek tombs of the second or third century are sufficient proofs of it;
but for the origin of painting as we are now generally accustomed to
understand the term we need go no further back than to Cimabue and his
contemporaries, from whose time the art has uninterruptedly developed
throughout Europe until the present day.

Oddly enough it is to the Christian Church, whose early fathers put
their heaviest ban upon all forms of art, that this development is
almost wholly due. The reaction against paganism began to die out when
the Christian religion was more firmly established, and representations
of Christ and the Saints executed in mosaic became more and more to be
regarded as a necessary, or at any rate a regular embell