rty
lists; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year
terms)
elections: State Duma--last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held NA
December 1999)
election results: State Duma--percent of vote received by parties
clearing the 5% threshold entitling them to a proportional share of
the 225 party list seats--Communist Party of the Russian Federation
22.3%, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 11.2%, Our Home Is Russia
10.1%, Yabloko Bloc 6.9%; seats by party--Communist Party of the
Russian Federation 157, independents 78, Our Home Is Russia 55,
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 51, Yabloko Bloc 45, Agrarian
Party of Russia 20, Russia's Democratic Choice 9, Power To the
People 9, Congress of Russian Communities 5, Forward, Russia! 3,
Women of Russia 3, other parties 15

Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for
life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the
president; Supreme Court, judges are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president; Superior
Court of Arbitration, judges are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Political parties and leaders:
YAVLINSKIY]; Pravoye Delo (Just Cause), a coalition of reformist,
Borisovich CHUBAYS, Boris Yefimovich NEMTSOV, Sergey Vladlenovich
KIRIYENKO]
anti-market and/or ultranationalist: Communist Party of the Russian
BARKASHOV]
note: some 150 political parties, blocs, and movements registered
with the Justice Ministry as of the 19 December 1998 deadline to be
eligible to participate in the scheduled December 1999 Duma
elections; in 1995, 43 political organizations qualified to run
slates of candidates on the Duma party list ballot; among the
parties not listed above but holding seats in the Duma were Russia's
Democratic Choice, Power To the People, Congress of Russian
Communities, Forward, Russia!, and Women of Russia

Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

International organization participation: APEC, BIS, BSEC, CBSS,
CCC, CE, CERN (observer), CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO,
MONUA, MTCR, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN
Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR,
UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNOM