d and better paid, have become less submissive than they are now,
and a larger number of them will enjoy the suffrage.

What will be the relations of the two races when these things have come
about, say within two or three generations? Consider what the position
will then be. Two races will be living on the same ground, in close and
constant economic relations, both those of employment and those of
competition, speaking the same language and obeying the same laws,
differing, no doubt, in strength of intelligence and will, yet with many
members of the weaker race superior as individual men to many members of
the stronger. And these two races, separated by the repulsion of
physical differences, will have no social intercourse, no mixture of
blood, but will each form a nation by itself for all purposes save those
of industry and perhaps of politics. There will, no doubt, be the nexus
of industrial interest, for the white employer will need the labour of
the blacks. But even in countries where no race differences intervene,
the industrial nexus does not prevent bitter class hatreds and labour
wars.

That such a state of things will arrive is rendered probable not only by
the phenomena to be observed to-day in South Africa, but by the
experience of the Southern States of the American Union, where almost
exactly what I have described has come to pass, with the addition that
the inferior race has in theory the same political rights as the
superior. How will the relations of two races so living together be
adjusted? The experience of the Southern States is too short to throw
much light on this problem. It is, however, a painful experience in many
respects, and it causes the gravest anxieties for the future. Similar
anxieties must press upon the mind of any one who in South Africa looks
sixty or eighty years forward; and they are not diminished by the fact
that in South Africa the inferior race is far more numerous than the
superior. But although the position I have outlined seems destined to
arrive, it is still so distant that we can no more predict the
particular form its difficulties will take than the mariner can describe
the rocks and trees upon an island whose blue mountains he begins to
descry on the dim horizon. Whatever those difficulties may be, they will
be less formidable if the whites realize, before the coloured people
have begun to feel a sense of wrong, that their own future is bound up
with that of the natives,