South Africa with which they are involved.

Reasons have been given in a preceding chapter for the conclusion that
both the white and the black races are likely to hold their ground over
all the country, and that the black race will continue to be the more
numerous. Assuming the conditions of agriculture to remain what they are
at present, and assuming that the causes which now discourage the
establishment of large manufacturing industries do not pass away, there
will probably be for the next seventy years a large white population on
the gold-field and at the chief seaports, and only a small white
population over the rest of the country. Even should irrigation be
largely introduced, it would be carried on chiefly by black labourers.
Even should low wages or the discovery of larger and better deposits of
iron and coal stimulate the development of great manufacturing
industries, still it is a black rather than a white population that
would be therewith increased. Various causes may be imagined which would
raise or reduce the birth-rate and the infant death-rate among the
natives, so that one cannot feel sure that the existing proportion
between them and the whites will be maintained. But if we regard the
question from the point of view of labour, and take the natives to
represent that part of the community which in Europe does the harder and
less skilled kinds of work, both in country and in town, it may be
concluded that they will continue to form the majority even where they
live among the white people, without taking account of those areas where
they, and they alone, are settled on the land. It is, however,
impossible to conjecture how large the majority will be.

The Kafirs, as has been already suggested, will gradually lose their
tribal organisation and come to live like Europeans, under European law.
They will become more generally educated, and will learn skilled
handicrafts; many--perhaps, in the long run, all--will speak English.
They will eventually cease to be heathens, even if they do not all
become Christians. This process of Europeanisation will spread from
south to north, and may probably not be complete in the north--at any
rate, in the German and Portuguese parts of the north--till the end of
the next century. But long before that time the natives will in many
places have begun to compete (as indeed a few already do) with the
whites in some kinds of well-paid labour. They will also, being better
educate