. England (proper), 50,922
square miles; France, 203,736; Prussia, 107,921; and Germany, 80,620
square miles. Our public domain, then, is more than eight times as large
as France, more than fifteen times as large as Prussia, more than twenty
times as large as Germany, more than thirty-two times as large as
England, and larger (excluding Russia) than all Europe, containing more
than 200,000,000 of people. As England proper contained, in 1861,
18,949,916 inhabitants, if our public domain were as densely settled,
its population would exceed 606,000,000, and it would be 260,497,561, if
numbering as many to the square mile as Massachusetts. These lands
embrace every variety of soil, products, and climate, from that of St.
Petersburg to the tropics.

After commenting on the provisions of our homestead bill, which gives to
every settler, American or European, 160 acres of this land for ten
dollars (the cost of survey, etc.), I then said:

'The homestead privilege will largely increase immigration. Now,
besides the money brought here by immigrants, the Census proves
that the average annual value of the labor of Massachusetts _per
capita_ was, in 1860, $220 for each man, woman, and child,
independent of the gains of commerce--very large, but not given.
Assuming that of the immigrants at an average annual value of only
$100 each, or less than thirty-three cents a day, it would make, in
ten years, at the rate of 100,000 each year, the following
aggregate:

1st year 100,000 = $10,000,000
2d " 200,000 = 20,000,000
3d " 300,000 = 30,000,000
4th " 400,000 = 40,000,000
5th " 500,000 = 50,000,000
6th " 600,000 = 60,000,000
7th " 700,000 = 70,000,000
8th " 800,000 = 80,000,000
9th " 900,000 = 90,000,000
10th " 1,000,000 = 100,000,000
------------
Total, $550,000,000

'In this table the labor of all immigrants each year is properly
added to those arriving the succeeding year, so as to make the
aggregate the last year 1,000,000. This would make the value of the
labor of this million of immigrants in ten years, $550,000,000,
independent of the annual accumulation of capital, and the labor of
the children of the immigrants (born here) after the first ten
years, which, with their descendants, would go on constantly
increasing.