fore
hers.... Every one pointed to her white hairs, and said, with that
peaceable Leontius, "When this snow melteth there will be a flood."

* * * * *

In the progress of the preceding work, I have inserted some incidental
notices respecting the domestic architecture of the reign of Elizabeth;
but becoming gradually sensible of the interesting details of which the
subject was susceptible and entirely aware of my own inability to do it
justice, I solicited, and esteem myself fortunate in having procured,
the following remarks from the pen of a brother who makes this noble art
at once his profession and his delight.

ON THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE

OF

The Reign of Elizabeth.

DURING the period of English history included in our present survey, the
nobility continued for the most part to inhabit their ancient castles;
edifices which, originally adapted by strength of situation and
construction merely to defence, were now in many instances, by the
alteration of the original buildings and by the accession of additional
ones, become splendid palaces. Among these it may be sufficient to
mention Kennelworth, renowned for gorgeous festivities, where the earl
of Leicester was reported to have expended 60,000 pounds in buildings.

Some curious notices of the habitations of the time are preserved in
Leland's Itinerary, written about 1535, as in the following description
of Wresehill-castle near Howden in Yorkshire:--'Most part of the base
court is of timber. The castle is moted about on three parts; the fourth
part is dry, where the entry is into the castle. Five towers, one at
each corner; the gateway is the fifth, having five lodgings in height;
three of the other towers have four lodgings in height; the fourth
containeth the buttery, pantry, pastry, lardery, and kitchen. In one of
the towers a study called Paradise, where was a closet in the middle of
eight squares latticed; about and at the top of every square was a desk
lodged to set books on, &c. The garde robe in the castle was exceeding
fair, and so were the gardens within the mote and the orchards without;
and in the orchards were mounts _opere topiario_ writhen about with
degrees like turnings of a cockle-shell, to come to top without pain.'

These castles, though converted into dwellings of some convenience and
magnificence, still retained formidable strength, which was proved in
the following century, when so many of them s