entially monarchical rather than republican; even the common
people have become so debauched in loyalty, that very many of them would
readily accept the creation of orders of nobility. In Georgia there is
something less of this spirit; but the upper classes continually assert
their right to rule, and the middle and lower classes have no ability to
free themselves. The whole structure of society is full of separating
walls; and it will sadden the heart of any Northern man, who travels in
either of these three States, to see how poor, and meagre, and narrow a
thing life is to all the country people. Even with the best class of
townsfolk it lacks very much of the depth and breadth and fruitfulness
of our Northern life, while with these others it is hardly less
materialistic than that of their own mules and horses. Thus, Charleston
has much intelligence, and considerable genuine culture; but go twenty
miles away, and you are in the land of the barbarians. So, Raleigh is a
city in which there is love of beauty, and interest in education; but
the common people of the county are at least forty years behind the same
class of people in Vermont. Moreover, in Macon are many very fine
residences, and the city may boast of its gentility and its respect for
the nourishing elegancies of life; but a dozen miles out are large
neighborhoods not yet half-civilized. The contrast between the
inhabitants of the cities and those of the country is hardly less
striking than that between the various classes constituting the body of
the common people. Going from one county into another is frequently
going into a foreign country. Travel continually brings novelty, but
with that always came pain. Till all these hateful walls of caste are
thrown down, we can have neither intelligent love of liberty, decent
respect for justice, nor enlightened devotion to the idea of national
unity. "Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?"

It has been the purpose of the ruling class, apparently, to build new
barriers between themselves and the common people, rather than tear away
any of those already existing. I think no one can understand the actual
condition of the mass of whites in Georgia and the Carolinas, except by
some daily contact with them. The injustice done to three fourths of
them was hardly less than that done to all the blacks. There were two
kinds of slavery, and negro slavery was only more wicked and debasing
than white slavery. Nine of