%, Ukraine 12%, Russia 11%, UAE 8%, France
6% (1999)

Debt - external: $2.3 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient: $16 million from the US (2001)

Currency: Turkmen manat (TMM)

Currency code: TMM

Exchange rates: Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (January
2002-January 2000), 5,350 (January 1999), 4,070 (January 1997)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications Turkmenistan

Telephones - main lines in use: 363,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular: 4,300 (1998)

Telephone system: general assessment: poorly developed domestic: NA
international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS
republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow
international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran
has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international
traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita
and 1 Intelsat

Radio broadcast stations: AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios: 1.225 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations: 3 (much programming relayed from Russia
and Turkey) (1997)

Televisions: 820,000 (1997)

Internet country code: .tm

Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA

Internet users: 2,000 (2000)

Transportation Turkmenistan

Railways: total: 2,440 km broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2001)

Highways: total: 22,000 km paved: 18,000 km (includes some all-weather
gravel-surfaced roads) unpaved: 4,000 km (these roads are made of
unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)

Waterways: the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for Turkmenistan

Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km

Ports and harbors: Turkmenbasy

Merchant marine: total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,600
GRT/5,000 DWT ships by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2002 est.)

Airports: 76 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to
2,437 m: 4 (2001)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 63 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524
to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 41 (2001)

Military Turkmenistan

Military branches: Ministry of Defense (Army, Air and Air Defense,
Navy, Border Troops, and Internal Troops), National Guard

Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,206,920 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for milita