total: 24 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047
m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 (2001)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 37 under 914 m: 23 (2001)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 12

Heliports: 2 (2001)

Military Romania

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (AMR),
Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense, Border Guards

Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 5,906,601 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 4,970,496
(2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 179,951
(2002 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $985 million (2002)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.47% (2002)

Transnational Issues Romania

Disputes - international: Romania and Ukraine have yet to resolve claims
over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy (Snake) Island and delimitation
of Black Sea maritime boundary, despite 1997 bilateral treaty to find
a solution in two years and numerous talks; because of a shift in the
Danube course since the last correction of the boundary in 1920, a joint
Bulgarian-Romanian team will recommend sovereignty changes to several
islands and redefine the boundary

Illicit drugs: major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine
bound for Western Europe

This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

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Philippines

Introduction

Philippines

Background: The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898
following the Spanish-American War. They attained their independence
in 1946 after Japanese occupation in World War II. The 21-year rule of
Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986 when a widespread popular rebellion forced
him into exile. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the
islands. The Philippines has had two electoral presidential transitions
since Marcos' removal by "people power." In January 2001, the Supreme
Court declared Joseph ESTRADA unable to rule in view of mass resignations
from his government and administered the oath of office to Vice President
Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO as his constitutional successor. The government
continues to struggle with ongoing Muslim insurgencies in the south.

Geography Philippines

Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago b