ernment effort in 2000
and 2001 to advance lagging structural reforms, have raised business
and investor confidence over Russia's prospects in its second decade
of transition. Yet serious problems persist. Russia remains heavily
dependent on exports of commodities, particularly oil, natural gas,
metals, and timber, which account for over 80% of exports, leaving the
country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's industrial base
is increasingly dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the
country is to achieve sustainable economic growth. Other problems include
widespread corruption, lack of a strong legal system, capital flight,
and brain drain.

GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.2 trillion (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: 5.2% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $8,300 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 7% industry: 37% services: 56%
(2000 est.)

Population below poverty line: 40% (1999 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 33.5% (2001 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index: 39.9 (2000)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 21.9% (2001 est.)

Labor force: 71.3 million (2001 est.)

Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 10.8%, industry 27.8%, services
61.4% (2001 est.)

Unemployment rate: 8.7% (2001 est.), plus considerable underemployment

Budget: revenues: $45 billion expenditures: $43 billion, including
capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing
coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building
from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles;
shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications
equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment;
electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and
scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs,
handicrafts

Industrial production growth rate: 5.2% (2001 est.)

Electricity - production: 835.572 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 66.14% hydro: 18.89%
other: 0.31% (2000) nuclear: 14.66%

Electricity - consumption: 767.082 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports: 18 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports: 8 billion kWh (2000)

Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables