istant trading stations into towns and cities.
Steamships were making the voyage from Europe a more feasible adventure.
We shall see this as we proceed.

In what we may call the domestic side of music we find the establishment
of more singing societies in all the eastern cities. There was
practically no "west" in 1825, but Chicago shows up in 1834 with "The
Old Settlers' Harmonic Society." The story of Chicago's early musical
days may be read in Mr. George P. Upton's book of reminiscences. The
remarkable part of it seems to be that Chicago grew phenomenally, and
today stands as a rival to New York in all matters musical, although in
1825 Chicago was merely a trading post and New York was already a city
of some size.

The musical convention came into being. The first is said to have been
held at Concord, N. H., in September 1829. There is also a claim that
the first musical convention was held in Montpelier, Vt., in 1839 but
this is not quite correct. It may have been the first convention in
Vermont. Musical conventions became popular and frequent and are so even
to the present day, though the methods and matter have changed with the
times.

Another item which may come under the head of domestic music is the
beginning of music teaching in the public schools. This was effected by
Lowell Mason, as an experiment, in 1838. At the present day chorus
singing in the public schools has become an important matter, and is
almost universal.

In 1838 we find a Philharmonic Society in St. Louis, showing that St.
Louis was not far behind Chicago in getting into the musical world.

In Boston an Academy of Music was established by Lowell Mason in 1833.
It had a large number of pupils, and there was an orchestra in
connection with it, which gave several concerts. But the Harvard Musical
Association, which was founded in 1837, seems to have been the chief
propelling power to orchestral music in Boston, until the formation of
the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In New York the Philharmonic Society was
reorganized and was, as it has been ever since, the most prominent
orchestral organization of that city.

In 1848 two complete orchestras came to America, Gungl's, which gave a
number of concerts, chiefly of light music, and the Germania, which
consisted of a number of refugees from the German government. These men
gave concerts of a finer type than had yet been given in America. Their
career as an organization was not long, and it ended in